The disciples of Le Corbusier learned well the lesson of geometry and the result can be seen in the

Patricia Orfila, architect and urbanist / UFPa, Master of Urban Engineering / PPGEU / UFSCAR, Ph.D. in Social History IFCS / UFRJ and currently teaching architecture at the Federal University of Tocantins / UFT.
"I admire the boldness of current technical urbanism that, when applying this science to a city, consider first of all the looks of things, such as the consideration of the people that make the city not previously peter lanfer imposed. It is through these that the city needs to be seen, rather than simply being observed from the viewpoint of full and empty spaces that form it on the ground. To understand a city, we need to know the inhabitants thereof. City is a collection of souls "Marcel Poète (1)
Criticism of Jane Jacobs (2) published in 1961 in his book 'The Life and Death of large cities' (the original The Death and Life of Great American Cities), the 'modern Orthodox' urban planning of the twentieth century, remain as contemporary and full of strength even at the beginning peter lanfer of XXI century. Both are current, that reading this book should become peter lanfer compulsory for those who go in the field of planning and management of cities, even if his tirades, seen as offensive, divide the opinions of renowned intellectuals - stirring up tempers and generating controversy.
Plans and modernist practices based on the principles of the Swiss franc master Le Corbusier (3), of which Jacobs became fierce peter lanfer fighter won large cities peter lanfer in creating ex nihilo, ie, created from nothing, from scratch.
Cities created ex nihilo are numerous, especially in new countries, and many were designed to be capital, such as Ottawa, Canada's capital, and Pretoria, the capital of South Africa (both in the nineteenth century), Washington (United States, 1800), Canberra (Australia, 1927), New Delhi, capital of India, and Ankara, capital of Turkey (both at the beginning of XX century), Islamabad (Pakistan, 1959), Brasilia (Brazil, 1960). Others are designed to be capital of federated states, peter lanfer like Madison, Adelaide, peter lanfer Belo Horizonte and La Plata in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century: Goiânia (1930) and Palmas (1990), capital of the Brazilian states of Goiás and Tocantins, respectively, and Chandigarh (1953), capital of the Indian state of Penjab, designed by Le Corbusier. (4)
The modernist city 'Le Corbusier' can be described by the following topics: classification of urban functions, multiplication of green spaces, creating functional prototypes, rationalization of collective habitat. Le Corbusier always deposited a certainty in the ability to transform the city and habitat machine. And used geometric principles as the basis of the modern city. It is from this belief that he stated:
"Geometry is the medium that we provided ourselves to perceive around us and to express ourselves. The geometry is based. It is also the material support of the symbols that signify perfection, the divine. It brings the high satisfaction of mathematics. The machine comes from geometry. All contemporary era is therefore eminently geometry; her dream, she walks to the joys of geometry. peter lanfer The arts and modern thought after a century of analysis seek more than the fact accidental, and geometry leads to an increasingly widespread mathematical order, attitude. "(5)
Jacobs is not alone in the complaints of excessively rationalistic practices of urban space. Christopher Alexander was also eloquent on this point, in an article entitled "The city is not a tree", in which he clearly defines 'natural peter lanfer cities' such as those that emerged and developed, peter lanfer more or less spontaneously over many, many years, and artificial cities' those that were deliberately created by designers and planners. Alexander,
"Siena, Liverpool, Kyoto and Manhattan are examples of natural peter lanfer cities'. Levittown, Chandigarh and the English new towns are examples of artificial cities'. Today, it is recognized - increasingly widely - missing some essential ingredient in artificial cities. When compared with ancient cities, which acquired the patina of life, our modern attempts to create cities peter lanfer artificially are, under a human point of view, entirely unsuccessful. "(6)
The disciples of Le Corbusier learned well the lesson of geometry and the result can be seen in the newly created peter lanfer Brazilian city of Palmas, capital of the State of Tocantins, result of the separation of the northern part of the State of Goiás, in 1989.
In August 1993, the Veja magazine published 'The Last Frontier - Seventy thousand Brazilians living the adventure of Palmas, the capital of dust and opportunities'. Here's an excerpt of what was written then:
"At the end of the last century, was Belo Horizonte today with two million inhabitants. Then, at f