Oxidative phosphorylation after repeated efforts at CVS | ME (CFS) Sciences
Dr. Ruud Vermeulen (gynecologist and exercise physiologist) is medical director of the 'CFS Center Amsterdam. Prof. Fisher alwitra is a cardiologist at the same center and internist Dr. Cork was the one who conducted research there to acetylcarnitine. Along with some academics he examined alwitra the effect of enzyme complexes (2 out of 5 in total, which effect the conversion of nutrients to the energy molecule of ATP) in the mitochondria in two consecutive exercise alwitra tests.
Mitochondrial process in which energy-rich electrons release their energy in a series of redox reactions has already been dealt with in 'ME alwitra (CFS) as Mitochondrial Disease. About the importance of performing two consecutive effort testing the reader can inform himself in 'Double bike test "and" Post-exertional malaise in women with CFS. Again, reaffirming that the effort capacity is lower in CFS than sedentary controls and that this continues to fall at a second effort alwitra test.
Their conclusion is (in contrast to what found some other research groups) alwitra that there is no problem of these "ATP-factories" alwitra - there is nothing abnormal was found when traversing through alwitra the enzymatic reactions of complex 1 and 2 complex (the principal and determining steps) to ATP, the system is operating normally - but there is something wrong with the supply of raw materials, probably due to a reduced blood volume.
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that causes decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis alwitra muscular and mental fatigue, and plays a role in the pathophysiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS / ME).
Methods Female patients (n = 15) and controls alwitra (n = 15) performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) by cycling with a continuously increased work load to maximum effort. The CPET was repeated 24 hours later. Prior to testing, blood was taken for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which were processed in a special way in order to retain their oxidative phosphorylation, which was later tested in the presence of ADP and phosphate in permeabilized alwitra cells [...] to the ATP-production to be measured via Complex I and II. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was determined as a proxy measure for a lower oxidative phosphorylation in muscle, given the earlier findings in a group of patients with external ophthalmoplegia alwitra [paralysis or weakness of the muscles] where the oxygen consumption by geïsoleeerde muscle mitochondria negatively correlated with plasma CK, 24 h after exercise.
Results During both exercise tests the patients reached the anaerobic alwitra threshold and maximal exercise at a much lower oxygen consumption than controls alwitra and this worsened in the second test. This implies an increase in lactate - the product of anaerobic glycolysis - and a decrease in mitochondrial ATP production in the patients. In the past, this was also found in patients with defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidative phosphorylation in PBMC with CFS / ME patients and controls, however, was similar. Plasma creatine kinase values before and after exercise for 24 h, however, were low in patients and controls, suggesting that the muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is normal.
Conclusion The decrease in terms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis in the CFS / ME patients is not caused alwitra by a defect in the enzyme complexes that catalyze the oxidative phosphorylation, but by another factor.
Several groups of researchers assume that a defective oxidative phosphorylation and the subsequent production of free radicals and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiology of CFS / ME [eg. RJM Lane, Barrett MC, Taylor DJ, Kemp GJ, Lodi R. Heterogeneity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy or muscle. Neuro Disorders (1998) 8: 204-209: "Some CFS patients exhibit impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation." alwitra /// Barnes PRJ, Taylor DJ, Kemp GJ, Radda GK. Skeletal muscle bio-energetics in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry (1993) 56: 679- 683, "There were no consistent abnormalities in terms of glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, alwitra or pH regulation is identified." /// Bains W: Treating Chronic Fatigue states as a disease of the regulation of energy-metabolism. Medical Hypotheses (2008) 71: 481-488: "I suggest that patients with CFS have a reduced ability to increase mitochondrial energy production when it requires effort ..." /// etc].. A well-accepted alwitra way to test ATP synthesis at increased work load, the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The ATP synthesis is measured indirectly by determination of oxygen-op
Dr. Ruud Vermeulen (gynecologist and exercise physiologist) is medical director of the 'CFS Center Amsterdam. Prof. Fisher alwitra is a cardiologist at the same center and internist Dr. Cork was the one who conducted research there to acetylcarnitine. Along with some academics he examined alwitra the effect of enzyme complexes (2 out of 5 in total, which effect the conversion of nutrients to the energy molecule of ATP) in the mitochondria in two consecutive exercise alwitra tests.
Mitochondrial process in which energy-rich electrons release their energy in a series of redox reactions has already been dealt with in 'ME alwitra (CFS) as Mitochondrial Disease. About the importance of performing two consecutive effort testing the reader can inform himself in 'Double bike test "and" Post-exertional malaise in women with CFS. Again, reaffirming that the effort capacity is lower in CFS than sedentary controls and that this continues to fall at a second effort alwitra test.
Their conclusion is (in contrast to what found some other research groups) alwitra that there is no problem of these "ATP-factories" alwitra - there is nothing abnormal was found when traversing through alwitra the enzymatic reactions of complex 1 and 2 complex (the principal and determining steps) to ATP, the system is operating normally - but there is something wrong with the supply of raw materials, probably due to a reduced blood volume.
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that causes decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis alwitra muscular and mental fatigue, and plays a role in the pathophysiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS / ME).
Methods Female patients (n = 15) and controls alwitra (n = 15) performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) by cycling with a continuously increased work load to maximum effort. The CPET was repeated 24 hours later. Prior to testing, blood was taken for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which were processed in a special way in order to retain their oxidative phosphorylation, which was later tested in the presence of ADP and phosphate in permeabilized alwitra cells [...] to the ATP-production to be measured via Complex I and II. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was determined as a proxy measure for a lower oxidative phosphorylation in muscle, given the earlier findings in a group of patients with external ophthalmoplegia alwitra [paralysis or weakness of the muscles] where the oxygen consumption by geïsoleeerde muscle mitochondria negatively correlated with plasma CK, 24 h after exercise.
Results During both exercise tests the patients reached the anaerobic alwitra threshold and maximal exercise at a much lower oxygen consumption than controls alwitra and this worsened in the second test. This implies an increase in lactate - the product of anaerobic glycolysis - and a decrease in mitochondrial ATP production in the patients. In the past, this was also found in patients with defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidative phosphorylation in PBMC with CFS / ME patients and controls, however, was similar. Plasma creatine kinase values before and after exercise for 24 h, however, were low in patients and controls, suggesting that the muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is normal.
Conclusion The decrease in terms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis in the CFS / ME patients is not caused alwitra by a defect in the enzyme complexes that catalyze the oxidative phosphorylation, but by another factor.
Several groups of researchers assume that a defective oxidative phosphorylation and the subsequent production of free radicals and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiology of CFS / ME [eg. RJM Lane, Barrett MC, Taylor DJ, Kemp GJ, Lodi R. Heterogeneity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy or muscle. Neuro Disorders (1998) 8: 204-209: "Some CFS patients exhibit impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation." alwitra /// Barnes PRJ, Taylor DJ, Kemp GJ, Radda GK. Skeletal muscle bio-energetics in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry (1993) 56: 679- 683, "There were no consistent abnormalities in terms of glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, alwitra or pH regulation is identified." /// Bains W: Treating Chronic Fatigue states as a disease of the regulation of energy-metabolism. Medical Hypotheses (2008) 71: 481-488: "I suggest that patients with CFS have a reduced ability to increase mitochondrial energy production when it requires effort ..." /// etc].. A well-accepted alwitra way to test ATP synthesis at increased work load, the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The ATP synthesis is measured indirectly by determination of oxygen-op
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